ASME
ASME's construction-relevant centre of gravity is pressure: the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code governs the design, fabrication, testing and certification of boilers and pressure vessels, and the B31 series governs piping — B31.3 for process plants being the daily companion of every piping engineer in the industry. The documents are standards by nature and law by adoption: incorporated into legislation across North America and specified contractually almost everywhere else, complete with ASME's own certification machinery of accredited manufacturers and certification marks.
Their global reach creates the characteristic cross-border question: an international project may buy vessels built to ASME for a site whose law runs on another pressure regime — the EU's pressure equipment framework, or a national industrial-safety system — and the reconciliation between design code and legal regime is a real work package, involving assessments, approvals and sometimes redesign. Equipment is not compliant in general; it is compliant with a code, under a law, and the two are settled separately.
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